How does mucositis present and how is it managed?

• A. Inflammation/ulceration of mucosa; managed with oral care, analgesia, topical anesthetics, and infection prevention
• B. Skin rash; treated with steroids
• C. Diarrhea; treated with antidiarrheals
• D. Cough; treated with bronchodilators

Answer: (A)

Mucositis is inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes, most often the oral cavity, caused by chemotherapy or radiation. It shows up as red, painful mucosa with ulcers that can make eating and speaking difficult. Management focuses on protecting and soothing the mucosa and preventing infection: thorough, gentle oral care with a soft toothbrush, bland rinses (such as saline or baking soda solutions), avoiding irritants like alcohol-based mouthwashes, and using topical anesthetics or systemic analgesics to control pain. We also emphasize infection prevention through good oral hygiene and prompt treatment of any signs of infection, coordinating care with dental or medical teams as needed. The other options describe issues like skin rash, diarrhea, or cough, which are different toxicities and not mucositis.